How did The Silk Road Actually Work?
纪录片：古代丝绸之路是如何运作的？
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纪录片：古代丝绸之路是如何运作的？（下）
How did The Silk Road Actually Work?
2022-04-29
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译文简介
从这里我了解到，中国古代最伟大的成就不是长城，而是与之相连的伟大的道路和贸易网络。由此我推断，中国人最光辉的时候不是与世界隔绝的时候，而是在通过和平分享和自由贸易来发展的时候。
正文翻译
How did The Silk Road Actually Work?
纪录片：古代丝绸之路是如何运作的？
评论翻译
Austin Gae
note: The Han Dynasty, after the expedition to the West by Zhang Qian, established the Silk Road from East to West. Prior to the Silk Road was the Persian Royal Road, which was established centuries ago, under the Achaemenid Empire; anyways, going back to the topic of the Silk Road. The Silk Road was used to trade products from East to West, such as silk and gunpowders, and from West to East, glasswares and animals; religions and cultures were also shared; diseases also spread. The Silk Road began under Han China and lasted until 1453 CE when the Ottoman Empire cut off trade with the West.
汉朝时，张骞出使西域，开辟了自东向西的丝绸之路。在丝绸之路之前是波斯皇家之路，它在几个世纪前由阿契美尼德帝国建立。
无论如何，回到丝绸之路的话题。丝绸之路用于东西贸易，如丝绸和火药，以及从西向东贸易，玻璃器皿和动物。宗教和文化也在相互分享。其中分享的也包括疾病。
丝绸之路始于中国汉朝时期，一直持续到公元1453年，奥斯曼帝国切断了与西方的贸易。
Yod Hey vav hey
As a world-traveler I've been halfway around the planet 11 times and finally made it completely around back in 2011. I lived and worked in half a dozen cultures, done educational tours around the US/Central America/Middle East and some in Asia. But living at the time of Marco Polo seems to me a much more fresher, adventurous and real time experience than anywhere I've been. Nice presentation!
作为一个世界旅行者，我绕半个地球旅行过11次，最终在2011年绕了一圈。我曾在六种文化中生活和工作，在美国、中美洲、中东和亚洲的一些地方旅行过，深受教育。
但对我来说，生活在马可波罗的时代比我去过的任何地方都更新鲜、更冒险、更真实。
好视频！
Can Coşkun
The two agents sent by the Justinian to steal silk production secrets/materials in China is such a good movie idea.
查士丁尼派来窃取中国丝绸生产秘密/材料的两个特工真是个好电影创意。
Salad bruh
Would like to see that.
很想看看。
Zyronazi Nycraile
they steal gun founder production techniq
它们偷的是火药生产技术。
Sheila Wang
Thank you so much for your program, really enjoyed it. I am Chinese, but also have the DNA of all the ethnicities along the silk road including Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, northern India, and northern Thailand. this episode made me feel that I am visiting my silk road traveler ancestors. thank you.
非常感谢你的节目，真的很喜欢。我是中国人，但也有丝绸之路沿线所有民族的DNA，包括土耳其、伊朗、乌兹别克斯坦、蒙古、印度北部和泰国北部。
这段视频让我觉得我是在拜访丝绸之路的旅行先祖。谢谢你。
Ritz X
DAMN bro DAMN, you are genetically strong and diverse then
天啊，伙计，你的基因可真是强大又多元。
王先森
你是那里人？！
Sheila Wang
我爸爸是黑龙江人，妈妈是湖南人。
Jane
The silk road sort of ended when the Roman empire fell. Then silk became a valued commodity when the Spanish empire, the French empire and British empire came about. The Chinese only accepted silver as payment for trade, which may have indirectly led to the search for silver mines by the Spaniard.
随着罗马帝国的衰落，丝绸之路也差不多走到了尽头。然后，当西班牙帝国、法国帝国和英国帝国出现时，丝绸成为一种有价值的商品。中国人只接受白银作为贸易付款，这可能间接导致了西班牙人寻找银矿。
the witcher
why did they for only silver
为什么他们只收银子
Jane
@the witcher because gold and silver were used as currency. They probably would rather have gold. But Gold is more scarce than silver.
因为黄金和白银被用作货币。他们可能更愿意持有黄金，但黄金比白银更稀缺。
Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47
@Jane no in Asia silver was considered more important than gold
在亚洲，白银被认为比黄金更重要。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47 Tad wrong. First the Silk Road didn’t die with the Roman Empire it frankly did better. As for the silver argument that would kinda be wrong. Gold was extremely important and many of the trade routes would eventually go through predominantly Islamic areas which does remove the Buddhist and hinduistic aspect. You cannot assert all of Asia when referring to section of the Indian subcontinent and Chinese area as many of for example, the South East Asians had a used gold and preferred it more over silver with the same in Japan. Don’t forget the middle eastern sand central Asian areas as well. Regarding China, gold was more important in every dynasty expect for the Qing Dystany due to a lack of silver at the time. This prompted them to want trade and tax in silver however this was later less needed as trade improved and fulfill needs. Also as for that instance gold despite being not wanted as tax, was still more valuable, it was just easier to acquire silver through taxation and trade while gold at the time could be spent on imports while earning silver through exports. Also while silver was important to hindus which declined due to economic reasons and also due to other religions growing did decline in its importance. Btw, Buddhism did not really consider silver a religiously important aspect but this may vary by sect.
错了。
首先，丝绸之路没有随着罗马帝国的灭亡而消亡，坦白说，只是罗马时期丝绸之路搞得更好。
至于银的说法，也是错的。黄金是非常重要的，许多贸易路线最终都要经过主要是伊斯兰教的地区，这就消除了佛教和印度教的影响。
当提到印度次大陆的一部分和中国地区时，你不能像许多人那样概括整个亚洲，例如，东南亚人有使用过黄金，相比白银更喜欢黄金，日本也是如此。也不要忘记中东和中亚地区。
对于中国来说，黄金在每一个朝代都更为重要，除了清朝，因为当时白银匮乏。这促使他们想要对白银进行贸易和征税，然而，随着贸易的改善和需求的满足，后来就不那么需要这样做了。另外，黄金虽然不被用作税收，但仍然更有价值。通过税收和贸易更容易获得白银，而黄金可以用于进口货物，并通过出口赚取白银。
此外，虽然白银对印度教徒很重要，但由于经济原因和其他宗教的发展，白银的重要性有所下降。顺便说一下，佛教并不认为白银是一个重要的宗教元素，但这可能因宗派而异。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@T4NG0M4N The person wrongly explained silver and gold. You can refer to my previous response to him. If you are referring to gold and silver in terms of quantity, asia had a lot. Many colonial empires in particular benefited heavily from them.
这个人错误地解释了银和金。你可以参考我之前对他的回复。
如果你指的是黄金和白银的数量，亚洲有很多。许多殖民帝国尤其从中获益良多。
T4NG0M4N
@Made A Channel Just Cause I Can I thought it was strange what they said. Thanks
我觉得他的解释很奇怪。谢谢。
Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47
@Made A Channel Just Cause I Can First thing is I never said gold wasn't important it definitely was I just said silver was more important. I never said it was the primary currency on the route itself I said it held a huge value in trade between Indian Subcontinent and China. I do accept that my definition of Asia while saying that was extremely narrow. Silver was important in China for a very long time due to lack of it. It's just that the lack of silver turned into a full blown crisis during Qing Dynasty. Buddhism does indeed value silver. There are some types that don't (Buddhism has many interpretations from place to place) but most of them do
首先，我从来没有说过黄金不重要，我只是说白银更重要。
我从没说过它是这条航线上的主要货币，我说的是它在印度次大陆和中国之间的贸易中占有巨大的价值。
我承认我对亚洲的定义非常狭隘。
由于缺乏白银，白银在中国很长一段时间里都很重要。在清朝时期，白银的缺乏演变成了一场全面的危机。佛教确实重视白银，有一些派系不，但大多数都很重视。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47 Which I stated gold was more important than silver throughout most of Asia and yes while silver did become a crisis for China it mostly occurred within the Qing dynasty and also to its predecessor to an extent however to label all of China made it sound it was historically always that way. China and many Asian countries would later be found to have some of the largest amount of silver and gold deposits in the world but at the time were not found, I do not argue that they had a crisis with silver but I felt you were over stating it’s importance. You probably are right here as my knowledge in Buddhism is a bit rusty and more limited but I do think it does vary by sects as it seems it’s priority in south east Asia and Japan were less meaningful to the Buddhist inhabitants there. Thank you for the civil discussion and the correction
我说的是在大多数亚洲地区，黄金比银子更重要。是的，虽然白银确实成为了中国的危机，但它主要发生在清朝，在某种程度上也发生在它的前朝，然而，给整个中国贴上标签听起来就像历史上一直都是如此。
中国和许多亚洲国家，尽管后来发现拥有世界上最庞大的金银矿床，但当时没有发现，我不认为他们面临白银危机，我觉得你夸大了白银的重要性。
你们可能在佛教这一点上是对的，因为我对佛教的知识有点生疏，也更有限，但我确实认为佛教在不同的教派是不同的。
谢谢这样的文明讨论和纠正。
Gustav Alf Zickermann
I would have said that the silk road went all the way from China to England. Navigation on the Russian Rivers and then on the Baltic and North Sea was an important part of the silk road. English wool played an important role in this trade.
我会说丝绸之路从中国一直延伸到英国。俄罗斯河流、波罗的海和北海的航行是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。英国羊毛在这一贸易中发挥了重要作用。
Gizza
It also went as southeast as Java in modern-day Indonesia. The trade routes were longer and more complicated than what most people think.
它还向东南移动到今天印度尼西亚的爪哇。贸易路线比大多数人想象的更长更复杂。
abdi abdi
@Gizza indonesia is the indian ocean trade route the sea variant of the silk road they're similar and always connected but not the same.
印度尼西亚是印度洋贸易路线的一部分，海上丝绸之路的变体，它们相似，总是相互联系，但不相同。
Anzar M.A
@abdi abdi its still part of the silk route. Arabs traders discovered during the time of silk route under caliphate's order for better routes.
它仍然是丝绸之路的一部分。阿拉伯商人在在哈里发的命令下在丝绸之路上发现了更好的路线。
Warmaker01
It's because of this network that Han China and the Roman Empire were aware of each other's existence. Still, the distance and time between the two powers was too great for anything substantial to come about. Communication was just too difficult over such vast distances. Also, for those powers that straddled the Silk Road, it gave them a large amount of wealth. While this network existed, a number of Middle Eastern and Central Asian kingdoms were large and extremely rich. You see this throughout the video with large empires like the Achaemenid Empire, Seleucid, Parthia, Bactria. The Sassanid Empire would straddle a lot of the network in the center, would get rich from it, so rich that it made them a major power strong enough to be mortal enemies with the Eastern Roman Empire. Genghis Khan would lead his Mongols here eventually, campaigning even in the Middle East causing devastation. Eventually the Mongols would keep the Silk Road going. From what I've gathered, with the Mongols there, traders were very safe because the Mongols were determined to keep the trade going for taxation.
正是因为这个网络，汉朝和罗马帝国才知道彼此的存在。然而，这两个大国之间的距离和跨度太长，不可能产生任何实质性的成果。在如此遥远的距离上，沟通是非常困难的。
此外，对于那些横跨丝绸之路的大国来说，丝绸之路给了他们大量的财富。当这个网络存在时，许多中东和中亚国家都非常庞大和富有。你可以在视频中看到像阿契美尼德帝国，塞琉西，帕提亚，巴克特里亚这样的大帝国。
萨珊帝国横跨中部的许多网络，从中获得了财富，如此富有使得他们成为一个强大的大国，足以与东罗马帝国成为死敌。成吉思汗最终带领他的蒙古人来到这里，甚至在中东发动战争，造成破坏。最终，蒙古人继续推进丝绸之路。
据我所知，有蒙古人在那里，商人很安全，因为蒙古人决心为了税收继续进行贸易。
amin a
Before the Romans, the Sassanids began trading with China
在罗马人之前，萨珊王朝已经在与中国进行贸易了。
Semaj daLeao
@amin a yeah no shit. They were closer
是的毫无疑问，它们距离更近。
Anzar M.A
@amin a first it spread from china to central asia, then to india and middle east, then to europe. Also the video totally missed the time of caliphate.
首先，丝绸之路是从中国扩散到了中亚，然后去了印度和中东，再然后去了欧洲
此外，视频完全错过了哈里发的时期。
Anzar M.A
@amin a caliphate was one the best empires the world has seen. But never spoken of because they defeated byzantines and took half of the whole roman empire's territory it had at its peak. They just totally removed it.
哈里发帝国是世界上最好的帝国之一。
但从未被提及，因为他们打败了拜占庭帝国，占领了罗马帝国鼎盛时期的一半领土。他们完全把它消灭了。
Cam Saffari
Persians pretty much never get credit for their historical contributions to humanity. Good that they were at least mentioned at the beginning of the video. Even though they created much more of this concept (e.g., the whole concept of Caravanserai and hubs) and many of the goods described as Western exports were actually Persia's exports to both East and West. Still, respect for mentioning something.
波斯人几乎从来没有因为他们对人类的历史贡献而得到赞誉。
很好，至少在视频开始的时候提到了他们，尽管他们的贡献远不止如此（比如，整个客栈和枢纽的概念）
许多被描述为西方出口的商品实际上是波斯向东西方出口的商品。不过，我还是要尊重你的意见。
Yousifbk816
As an Arab, I couldn't agree more.
身为阿拉伯人，不能同意更多。
S.A.S Gaming
Same for arabs and south asians
阿拉伯人和南亚人都被低估了。
Yousifbk816
@S.A.S Gaming i feel like it’s the middle east, NA, and east-south asia in general as a whole. There’s a lot that Turks persians arabs greeks Egyptians akkadians sumerians assyrians indians Chinese and many others that don’t get their recognition enough.
我觉得中东、北亚、东南亚都一样。
土耳其人，波斯人，阿拉伯人，希腊人，埃及人，阿卡徳人，苏美尔人，亚述人，印度人，中国人和其他很多人都没有得到足够的认可。
Kaiyanwang82
@Yousifbk816 What are you talking about. In Italy, when we study history, we start from Sumer and Egypt. Then is Crete, Babylon, Hatti. Then Persia and Greece. And only THEN, we start with Rome. Even Alexander greatest contribution is considered to have opened more the road between east and west. If we considered Persia irrelevant (and how could we, after all the history shared with Rome) why remember him like that? Do you think we don't know where the modern numbers come from? Or that the arabs saved a lot of greek classics?
你在说什么?在意大利，当我们学习历史时，我们从苏美尔和埃及开始。然后是克里特岛、巴比伦、哈提。然后是波斯和希腊。只有那时，我们才会讲到罗马。
即使是亚历山大的最大贡献也被认为是开辟了更多的东西之间的道路。如果我们认为波斯无关紧要(怎么可能，毕竟我们和罗马有共同的历史)，为什么要这样记得它?你以为我们不知道现代数字的来源吗? 还是说不知道阿拉伯人保存了很多希腊经典?
Yousifbk816
@Kaiyanwang82 Im not talking about East and South Europe education cultures, Im addressing the west (Canada, US, Uk, and a few other countries). I know that because I literally study there and never have I ever heard about the achievements of the middle east, south-east asia, Rome, and the greeks. I am very sure that Italian Greek Baltic (East and South Europeans basically) people educate themselves about the people I mentioned.
我谈论的不是东欧和南欧的教育问题，我指的是整个西方——加拿大、美国、英国和少数一些其他国家。
我知道这一点是因为我确实在那里学习过，而我从来没有（在课堂上）听到过中东、东南亚、罗马和希腊的成就。
我非常肯定，巴尔干半岛、意大利人、希腊人(基本上是东欧和南欧人)知道我在说什么。
Fips
Why do you perpetuate the myth that the Ottomans cut off trade to Europe? They kept constantly trading with the Italian city states. The Spaniards and Portuguese sought new trade routes because the Italians hat a monopoly on the trade and hiked up the prices.
你为什么要让奥斯曼切断与欧洲的贸易的神话永久化呢?他们不断地与意大利城邦进行贸易。
而西班牙人和葡萄牙人寻求新的贸易路线，因为意大利人垄断了贸易，并提高了价格。
The Leopard
There was also the Maritime Silk Road which was safer and lixed Africa (eastern parts) with the Mediterranean, Middle East, South and East Asia.
还有更安全的海上丝绸之路，它将非洲(东部)与地中海、中东、南亚和东亚连接起来。
dragosstanciu
And today China has the Belt and Road initiative, a new "Silk Road".
今天，中国有了“一带一路”倡议，一个新的“丝绸之路”。
Kerem Sayar
ottomans made alliance with venice. and venetians asked for exclusive trading rights which ottomans gave them. basically only venetians were able to trade with ottomans
奥斯曼帝国与威尼斯结盟。威尼斯人要求奥斯曼帝国给予他们的独家贸易权。基本上只有威尼斯人能和奥斯曼人做生意。
Thvndar
8:05 Myth busters: The Ottomans didn't shut down trade, it was a very pro-commerce empire, they increased tax rates to a point that many Europeans found unprofitable.
澄清：奥斯曼帝国并没有关闭贸易，它是一个非常支持商业的帝国，他们将税率提高到令许多欧洲人感到无利可图的程度。
V LIU
Let me, a Chinese, tell you the history of the Silk Road! After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the XiongNu in the north had been the biggest threat to the Han Dynasty. After the governance of the previous Han Emperors, the Han Dynasty accumulated a lot of wealth and built up a strong army, so they started to attack the XiongNu during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (141 BC-87 BC) as a way to sweep out the threat on the northern frontier. It was a long war that lasted for 40 years and used millions of troops and people. In the last war, Emperor Wu used 100,000 cavalry and 500,000 infantry, eventually driving the XiongNu into Central Asia, the Middle East and even Europe. The passages you see between China and the Central Asian countries were also manned and protected by the Han army, so trade between East and West began to flow smoothly, which started the Silk Road for thousands of years thereafter.
让我一个中国人，告诉你丝绸之路的历史吧！
汉朝建立后，北方的匈奴一直是汉朝最大的威胁。在历代汉朝皇帝统治之后，汉朝积累了大量财富，建立了强大的军队，汉武帝(公元前141年-公元前87年)时期，汉朝开始进攻匈奴，作为消除北部边境威胁的一种方式。这是一场持续了40年的漫长战争，动用了数百万军队和人民。
在最后一场战争中，武帝动用了10万骑兵和50万步兵，最终将匈奴人赶到了中亚、中东甚至欧洲。你看到的中国和中亚国家之间的通道也由汉朝军队管理和保护，因此东西方之间的贸易开始顺畅，这开启了此后数千年的丝绸之路。
Hystoriyya Rada
How did silk road work? Chinese trader: sell items to Turkic trader Turkic trader: sell items to Persian trader Persian trader: sell items to Levantine trader Levantine trader: sell items to Greek trader And that's how terracotta was made.
丝绸之路是如何运作的?
中国商人:向突厥商人出售商品
突厥商人:向波斯商人出售商品
波斯商人:向黎凡特商人出售商品
黎凡特商人:向希腊商人出售商品
陶瓦就是这样制成的。
seth bartley
"bought horses" just skipped the entire war fought over those horses when the owners refused to sell.
用“张骞买马”代表丝绸之路的开启，完全跳过了这些马的所有者拒绝出售而爆发的战争。
426mak
Let's be fair, the Greco-Bactrians did kill the Han emissaries.
公平地说，希腊大夏人确实杀死了汉朝的使者。
seth bartley
@426mak that is a good point. This video said it was a central asian civilization, not the greeks who had the horses. I wonder why.
这观点不错。
这个视频说的是中亚文明，而不是希腊人。
我想知道为什么。
BadMadChicken
Silk Road was basically an ancient version of the internet. Imagine the consequences of the internet will have on the modern world.
丝绸之路基本上是一个古代版本的互联网。
想象一下互联网对现代世界产生的影响。
Patrick Gill
from this I have learnt that the greatest work of the Chinese people in ancient times was not the great wall, but the great road and trade networks associated with it. From this I infer that the Chinese people shine most brightly not when they cut themselves off from the world, but when they expand through peaceful sharing and free trade. I also infer that the greatest degree of progress in Europe happened when the Europeans benefited from this peaceful and prosperous Chinese expansion. Sadly it seems that in modern times neither east, nor west has much interest in anything other than walls
从这里我了解到，中国古代最伟大的成就不是长城，而是与之相连的伟大的道路和贸易网络。由此我推断，中国人最光辉的时候不是与世界隔绝的时候，而是在通过和平分享和自由贸易来发展的时候。
我还推断，欧洲最大程度的进步发生在欧洲人受益于中国和平繁荣的扩张之时。可悲的是，在现代，东西方似乎都对城墙以外的东西不感兴趣。
Brian M
Hello from Istanbul/Byzantium, one of the major stops on the Silk Road. Excellent video, concise explanation!Having seen Silk production in the Aegean region, given it's complex process I wonder if the monks took along some silk makers along with the worms! Not sure if the mulberry bushes were already in Turkey, maybe they brought some cuttings of those too!. As for Mr. Polo, there is dispute about the trip being mostly fiction due to the mythical beasts he claimed he saw on the trip, though maybe an opium pipe could have had something to do with that. Lol.
你好，我来自伊斯坦布尔，丝绸之路的主要驿站之一。视频很棒，讲解也很简练！
我见过爱琴海地区的丝绸生产，考虑到它制作过程的复杂，我想知道是否是僧侣们带走了一些丝绸制造商和蚕。
不确定桑树当时是否已经在土耳其，也许他们也带来了一些树枝。至于马可波罗，有争议的是，由于他声称在旅途中看到了神话中的野兽，他的旅行可能主要是虚
原文地址：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-pfeFbssMw
note: The Han Dynasty, after the expedition to the West by Zhang Qian, established the Silk Road from East to West. Prior to the Silk Road was the Persian Royal Road, which was established centuries ago, under the Achaemenid Empire; anyways, going back to the topic of the Silk Road. The Silk Road was used to trade products from East to West, such as silk and gunpowders, and from West to East, glasswares and animals; religions and cultures were also shared; diseases also spread. The Silk Road began under Han China and lasted until 1453 CE when the Ottoman Empire cut off trade with the West.
汉朝时，张骞出使西域，开辟了自东向西的丝绸之路。在丝绸之路之前是波斯皇家之路，它在几个世纪前由阿契美尼德帝国建立。
无论如何，回到丝绸之路的话题。丝绸之路用于东西贸易，如丝绸和火药，以及从西向东贸易，玻璃器皿和动物。宗教和文化也在相互分享。其中分享的也包括疾病。
丝绸之路始于中国汉朝时期，一直持续到公元1453年，奥斯曼帝国切断了与西方的贸易。
Yod Hey vav hey
As a world-traveler I've been halfway around the planet 11 times and finally made it completely around back in 2011. I lived and worked in half a dozen cultures, done educational tours around the US/Central America/Middle East and some in Asia. But living at the time of Marco Polo seems to me a much more fresher, adventurous and real time experience than anywhere I've been. Nice presentation!
作为一个世界旅行者，我绕半个地球旅行过11次，最终在2011年绕了一圈。我曾在六种文化中生活和工作，在美国、中美洲、中东和亚洲的一些地方旅行过，深受教育。
但对我来说，生活在马可波罗的时代比我去过的任何地方都更新鲜、更冒险、更真实。
好视频！
Can Coşkun
The two agents sent by the Justinian to steal silk production secrets/materials in China is such a good movie idea.
查士丁尼派来窃取中国丝绸生产秘密/材料的两个特工真是个好电影创意。
Salad bruh
Would like to see that.
很想看看。
Zyronazi Nycraile
they steal gun founder production techniq
它们偷的是火药生产技术。
Sheila Wang
Thank you so much for your program, really enjoyed it. I am Chinese, but also have the DNA of all the ethnicities along the silk road including Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, northern India, and northern Thailand. this episode made me feel that I am visiting my silk road traveler ancestors. thank you.
非常感谢你的节目，真的很喜欢。我是中国人，但也有丝绸之路沿线所有民族的DNA，包括土耳其、伊朗、乌兹别克斯坦、蒙古、印度北部和泰国北部。
这段视频让我觉得我是在拜访丝绸之路的旅行先祖。谢谢你。
Ritz X
DAMN bro DAMN, you are genetically strong and diverse then
天啊，伙计，你的基因可真是强大又多元。
王先森
你是那里人？！
Sheila Wang
我爸爸是黑龙江人，妈妈是湖南人。
Jane
The silk road sort of ended when the Roman empire fell. Then silk became a valued commodity when the Spanish empire, the French empire and British empire came about. The Chinese only accepted silver as payment for trade, which may have indirectly led to the search for silver mines by the Spaniard.
随着罗马帝国的衰落，丝绸之路也差不多走到了尽头。然后，当西班牙帝国、法国帝国和英国帝国出现时，丝绸成为一种有价值的商品。中国人只接受白银作为贸易付款，这可能间接导致了西班牙人寻找银矿。
the witcher
why did they for only silver
为什么他们只收银子
Jane
@the witcher because gold and silver were used as currency. They probably would rather have gold. But Gold is more scarce than silver.
因为黄金和白银被用作货币。他们可能更愿意持有黄金，但黄金比白银更稀缺。
Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47
@Jane no in Asia silver was considered more important than gold
在亚洲，白银被认为比黄金更重要。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47 Tad wrong. First the Silk Road didn’t die with the Roman Empire it frankly did better. As for the silver argument that would kinda be wrong. Gold was extremely important and many of the trade routes would eventually go through predominantly Islamic areas which does remove the Buddhist and hinduistic aspect. You cannot assert all of Asia when referring to section of the Indian subcontinent and Chinese area as many of for example, the South East Asians had a used gold and preferred it more over silver with the same in Japan. Don’t forget the middle eastern sand central Asian areas as well. Regarding China, gold was more important in every dynasty expect for the Qing Dystany due to a lack of silver at the time. This prompted them to want trade and tax in silver however this was later less needed as trade improved and fulfill needs. Also as for that instance gold despite being not wanted as tax, was still more valuable, it was just easier to acquire silver through taxation and trade while gold at the time could be spent on imports while earning silver through exports. Also while silver was important to hindus which declined due to economic reasons and also due to other religions growing did decline in its importance. Btw, Buddhism did not really consider silver a religiously important aspect but this may vary by sect.
错了。
首先，丝绸之路没有随着罗马帝国的灭亡而消亡，坦白说，只是罗马时期丝绸之路搞得更好。
至于银的说法，也是错的。黄金是非常重要的，许多贸易路线最终都要经过主要是伊斯兰教的地区，这就消除了佛教和印度教的影响。
当提到印度次大陆的一部分和中国地区时，你不能像许多人那样概括整个亚洲，例如，东南亚人有使用过黄金，相比白银更喜欢黄金，日本也是如此。也不要忘记中东和中亚地区。
对于中国来说，黄金在每一个朝代都更为重要，除了清朝，因为当时白银匮乏。这促使他们想要对白银进行贸易和征税，然而，随着贸易的改善和需求的满足，后来就不那么需要这样做了。另外，黄金虽然不被用作税收，但仍然更有价值。通过税收和贸易更容易获得白银，而黄金可以用于进口货物，并通过出口赚取白银。
此外，虽然白银对印度教徒很重要，但由于经济原因和其他宗教的发展，白银的重要性有所下降。顺便说一下，佛教并不认为白银是一个重要的宗教元素，但这可能因宗派而异。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@T4NG0M4N The person wrongly explained silver and gold. You can refer to my previous response to him. If you are referring to gold and silver in terms of quantity, asia had a lot. Many colonial empires in particular benefited heavily from them.
这个人错误地解释了银和金。你可以参考我之前对他的回复。
如果你指的是黄金和白银的数量，亚洲有很多。许多殖民帝国尤其从中获益良多。
T4NG0M4N
@Made A Channel Just Cause I Can I thought it was strange what they said. Thanks
我觉得他的解释很奇怪。谢谢。
Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47
@Made A Channel Just Cause I Can First thing is I never said gold wasn't important it definitely was I just said silver was more important. I never said it was the primary currency on the route itself I said it held a huge value in trade between Indian Subcontinent and China. I do accept that my definition of Asia while saying that was extremely narrow. Silver was important in China for a very long time due to lack of it. It's just that the lack of silver turned into a full blown crisis during Qing Dynasty. Buddhism does indeed value silver. There are some types that don't (Buddhism has many interpretations from place to place) but most of them do
首先，我从来没有说过黄金不重要，我只是说白银更重要。
我从没说过它是这条航线上的主要货币，我说的是它在印度次大陆和中国之间的贸易中占有巨大的价值。
我承认我对亚洲的定义非常狭隘。
由于缺乏白银，白银在中国很长一段时间里都很重要。在清朝时期，白银的缺乏演变成了一场全面的危机。佛教确实重视白银，有一些派系不，但大多数都很重视。
Made A Channel Just Cause I Can
@Vatsal Srivastav, roll 47 Which I stated gold was more important than silver throughout most of Asia and yes while silver did become a crisis for China it mostly occurred within the Qing dynasty and also to its predecessor to an extent however to label all of China made it sound it was historically always that way. China and many Asian countries would later be found to have some of the largest amount of silver and gold deposits in the world but at the time were not found, I do not argue that they had a crisis with silver but I felt you were over stating it’s importance. You probably are right here as my knowledge in Buddhism is a bit rusty and more limited but I do think it does vary by sects as it seems it’s priority in south east Asia and Japan were less meaningful to the Buddhist inhabitants there. Thank you for the civil discussion and the correction
我说的是在大多数亚洲地区，黄金比银子更重要。是的，虽然白银确实成为了中国的危机，但它主要发生在清朝，在某种程度上也发生在它的前朝，然而，给整个中国贴上标签听起来就像历史上一直都是如此。
中国和许多亚洲国家，尽管后来发现拥有世界上最庞大的金银矿床，但当时没有发现，我不认为他们面临白银危机，我觉得你夸大了白银的重要性。
你们可能在佛教这一点上是对的，因为我对佛教的知识有点生疏，也更有限，但我确实认为佛教在不同的教派是不同的。
谢谢这样的文明讨论和纠正。
Gustav Alf Zickermann
I would have said that the silk road went all the way from China to England. Navigation on the Russian Rivers and then on the Baltic and North Sea was an important part of the silk road. English wool played an important role in this trade.
我会说丝绸之路从中国一直延伸到英国。俄罗斯河流、波罗的海和北海的航行是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。英国羊毛在这一贸易中发挥了重要作用。
Gizza
It also went as southeast as Java in modern-day Indonesia. The trade routes were longer and more complicated than what most people think.
它还向东南移动到今天印度尼西亚的爪哇。贸易路线比大多数人想象的更长更复杂。
abdi abdi
@Gizza indonesia is the indian ocean trade route the sea variant of the silk road they're similar and always connected but not the same.
印度尼西亚是印度洋贸易路线的一部分，海上丝绸之路的变体，它们相似，总是相互联系，但不相同。
Anzar M.A
@abdi abdi its still part of the silk route. Arabs traders discovered during the time of silk route under caliphate's order for better routes.
它仍然是丝绸之路的一部分。阿拉伯商人在在哈里发的命令下在丝绸之路上发现了更好的路线。
Warmaker01
It's because of this network that Han China and the Roman Empire were aware of each other's existence. Still, the distance and time between the two powers was too great for anything substantial to come about. Communication was just too difficult over such vast distances. Also, for those powers that straddled the Silk Road, it gave them a large amount of wealth. While this network existed, a number of Middle Eastern and Central Asian kingdoms were large and extremely rich. You see this throughout the video with large empires like the Achaemenid Empire, Seleucid, Parthia, Bactria. The Sassanid Empire would straddle a lot of the network in the center, would get rich from it, so rich that it made them a major power strong enough to be mortal enemies with the Eastern Roman Empire. Genghis Khan would lead his Mongols here eventually, campaigning even in the Middle East causing devastation. Eventually the Mongols would keep the Silk Road going. From what I've gathered, with the Mongols there, traders were very safe because the Mongols were determined to keep the trade going for taxation.
正是因为这个网络，汉朝和罗马帝国才知道彼此的存在。然而，这两个大国之间的距离和跨度太长，不可能产生任何实质性的成果。在如此遥远的距离上，沟通是非常困难的。
此外，对于那些横跨丝绸之路的大国来说，丝绸之路给了他们大量的财富。当这个网络存在时，许多中东和中亚国家都非常庞大和富有。你可以在视频中看到像阿契美尼德帝国，塞琉西，帕提亚，巴克特里亚这样的大帝国。
萨珊帝国横跨中部的许多网络，从中获得了财富，如此富有使得他们成为一个强大的大国，足以与东罗马帝国成为死敌。成吉思汗最终带领他的蒙古人来到这里，甚至在中东发动战争，造成破坏。最终，蒙古人继续推进丝绸之路。
据我所知，有蒙古人在那里，商人很安全，因为蒙古人决心为了税收继续进行贸易。
amin a
Before the Romans, the Sassanids began trading with China
在罗马人之前，萨珊王朝已经在与中国进行贸易了。
Semaj daLeao
@amin a yeah no shit. They were closer
是的毫无疑问，它们距离更近。
Anzar M.A
@amin a first it spread from china to central asia, then to india and middle east, then to europe. Also the video totally missed the time of caliphate.
首先，丝绸之路是从中国扩散到了中亚，然后去了印度和中东，再然后去了欧洲
此外，视频完全错过了哈里发的时期。
Anzar M.A
@amin a caliphate was one the best empires the world has seen. But never spoken of because they defeated byzantines and took half of the whole roman empire's territory it had at its peak. They just totally removed it.
哈里发帝国是世界上最好的帝国之一。
但从未被提及，因为他们打败了拜占庭帝国，占领了罗马帝国鼎盛时期的一半领土。他们完全把它消灭了。
Cam Saffari
Persians pretty much never get credit for their historical contributions to humanity. Good that they were at least mentioned at the beginning of the video. Even though they created much more of this concept (e.g., the whole concept of Caravanserai and hubs) and many of the goods described as Western exports were actually Persia's exports to both East and West. Still, respect for mentioning something.
波斯人几乎从来没有因为他们对人类的历史贡献而得到赞誉。
很好，至少在视频开始的时候提到了他们，尽管他们的贡献远不止如此（比如，整个客栈和枢纽的概念）
许多被描述为西方出口的商品实际上是波斯向东西方出口的商品。不过，我还是要尊重你的意见。
Yousifbk816
As an Arab, I couldn't agree more.
身为阿拉伯人，不能同意更多。
S.A.S Gaming
Same for arabs and south asians
阿拉伯人和南亚人都被低估了。
Yousifbk816
@S.A.S Gaming i feel like it’s the middle east, NA, and east-south asia in general as a whole. There’s a lot that Turks persians arabs greeks Egyptians akkadians sumerians assyrians indians Chinese and many others that don’t get their recognition enough.
我觉得中东、北亚、东南亚都一样。
土耳其人，波斯人，阿拉伯人，希腊人，埃及人，阿卡徳人，苏美尔人，亚述人，印度人，中国人和其他很多人都没有得到足够的认可。
Kaiyanwang82
@Yousifbk816 What are you talking about. In Italy, when we study history, we start from Sumer and Egypt. Then is Crete, Babylon, Hatti. Then Persia and Greece. And only THEN, we start with Rome. Even Alexander greatest contribution is considered to have opened more the road between east and west. If we considered Persia irrelevant (and how could we, after all the history shared with Rome) why remember him like that? Do you think we don't know where the modern numbers come from? Or that the arabs saved a lot of greek classics?
你在说什么?在意大利，当我们学习历史时，我们从苏美尔和埃及开始。然后是克里特岛、巴比伦、哈提。然后是波斯和希腊。只有那时，我们才会讲到罗马。
即使是亚历山大的最大贡献也被认为是开辟了更多的东西之间的道路。如果我们认为波斯无关紧要(怎么可能，毕竟我们和罗马有共同的历史)，为什么要这样记得它?你以为我们不知道现代数字的来源吗? 还是说不知道阿拉伯人保存了很多希腊经典?
Yousifbk816
@Kaiyanwang82 Im not talking about East and South Europe education cultures, Im addressing the west (Canada, US, Uk, and a few other countries). I know that because I literally study there and never have I ever heard about the achievements of the middle east, south-east asia, Rome, and the greeks. I am very sure that Italian Greek Baltic (East and South Europeans basically) people educate themselves about the people I mentioned.
我谈论的不是东欧和南欧的教育问题，我指的是整个西方——加拿大、美国、英国和少数一些其他国家。
我知道这一点是因为我确实在那里学习过，而我从来没有（在课堂上）听到过中东、东南亚、罗马和希腊的成就。
我非常肯定，巴尔干半岛、意大利人、希腊人(基本上是东欧和南欧人)知道我在说什么。
Fips
Why do you perpetuate the myth that the Ottomans cut off trade to Europe? They kept constantly trading with the Italian city states. The Spaniards and Portuguese sought new trade routes because the Italians hat a monopoly on the trade and hiked up the prices.
你为什么要让奥斯曼切断与欧洲的贸易的神话永久化呢?他们不断地与意大利城邦进行贸易。
而西班牙人和葡萄牙人寻求新的贸易路线，因为意大利人垄断了贸易，并提高了价格。
The Leopard
There was also the Maritime Silk Road which was safer and lixed Africa (eastern parts) with the Mediterranean, Middle East, South and East Asia.
还有更安全的海上丝绸之路，它将非洲(东部)与地中海、中东、南亚和东亚连接起来。
dragosstanciu
And today China has the Belt and Road initiative, a new "Silk Road".
今天，中国有了“一带一路”倡议，一个新的“丝绸之路”。
Kerem Sayar
ottomans made alliance with venice. and venetians asked for exclusive trading rights which ottomans gave them. basically only venetians were able to trade with ottomans
奥斯曼帝国与威尼斯结盟。威尼斯人要求奥斯曼帝国给予他们的独家贸易权。基本上只有威尼斯人能和奥斯曼人做生意。
Thvndar
8:05 Myth busters: The Ottomans didn't shut down trade, it was a very pro-commerce empire, they increased tax rates to a point that many Europeans found unprofitable.
澄清：奥斯曼帝国并没有关闭贸易，它是一个非常支持商业的帝国，他们将税率提高到令许多欧洲人感到无利可图的程度。
V LIU
Let me, a Chinese, tell you the history of the Silk Road! After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the XiongNu in the north had been the biggest threat to the Han Dynasty. After the governance of the previous Han Emperors, the Han Dynasty accumulated a lot of wealth and built up a strong army, so they started to attack the XiongNu during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (141 BC-87 BC) as a way to sweep out the threat on the northern frontier. It was a long war that lasted for 40 years and used millions of troops and people. In the last war, Emperor Wu used 100,000 cavalry and 500,000 infantry, eventually driving the XiongNu into Central Asia, the Middle East and even Europe. The passages you see between China and the Central Asian countries were also manned and protected by the Han army, so trade between East and West began to flow smoothly, which started the Silk Road for thousands of years thereafter.
让我一个中国人，告诉你丝绸之路的历史吧！
汉朝建立后，北方的匈奴一直是汉朝最大的威胁。在历代汉朝皇帝统治之后，汉朝积累了大量财富，建立了强大的军队，汉武帝(公元前141年-公元前87年)时期，汉朝开始进攻匈奴，作为消除北部边境威胁的一种方式。这是一场持续了40年的漫长战争，动用了数百万军队和人民。
在最后一场战争中，武帝动用了10万骑兵和50万步兵，最终将匈奴人赶到了中亚、中东甚至欧洲。你看到的中国和中亚国家之间的通道也由汉朝军队管理和保护，因此东西方之间的贸易开始顺畅，这开启了此后数千年的丝绸之路。
Hystoriyya Rada
How did silk road work? Chinese trader: sell items to Turkic trader Turkic trader: sell items to Persian trader Persian trader: sell items to Levantine trader Levantine trader: sell items to Greek trader And that's how terracotta was made.
丝绸之路是如何运作的?
中国商人:向突厥商人出售商品
突厥商人:向波斯商人出售商品
波斯商人:向黎凡特商人出售商品
黎凡特商人:向希腊商人出售商品
陶瓦就是这样制成的。
seth bartley
"bought horses" just skipped the entire war fought over those horses when the owners refused to sell.
用“张骞买马”代表丝绸之路的开启，完全跳过了这些马的所有者拒绝出售而爆发的战争。
426mak
Let's be fair, the Greco-Bactrians did kill the Han emissaries.
公平地说，希腊大夏人确实杀死了汉朝的使者。
seth bartley
@426mak that is a good point. This video said it was a central asian civilization, not the greeks who had the horses. I wonder why.
这观点不错。
这个视频说的是中亚文明，而不是希腊人。
我想知道为什么。
BadMadChicken
Silk Road was basically an ancient version of the internet. Imagine the consequences of the internet will have on the modern world.
丝绸之路基本上是一个古代版本的互联网。
想象一下互联网对现代世界产生的影响。
Patrick Gill
from this I have learnt that the greatest work of the Chinese people in ancient times was not the great wall, but the great road and trade networks associated with it. From this I infer that the Chinese people shine most brightly not when they cut themselves off from the world, but when they expand through peaceful sharing and free trade. I also infer that the greatest degree of progress in Europe happened when the Europeans benefited from this peaceful and prosperous Chinese expansion. Sadly it seems that in modern times neither east, nor west has much interest in anything other than walls
从这里我了解到，中国古代最伟大的成就不是长城，而是与之相连的伟大的道路和贸易网络。由此我推断，中国人最光辉的时候不是与世界隔绝的时候，而是在通过和平分享和自由贸易来发展的时候。
我还推断，欧洲最大程度的进步发生在欧洲人受益于中国和平繁荣的扩张之时。可悲的是，在现代，东西方似乎都对城墙以外的东西不感兴趣。
Brian M
Hello from Istanbul/Byzantium, one of the major stops on the Silk Road. Excellent video, concise explanation!Having seen Silk production in the Aegean region, given it's complex process I wonder if the monks took along some silk makers along with the worms! Not sure if the mulberry bushes were already in Turkey, maybe they brought some cuttings of those too!. As for Mr. Polo, there is dispute about the trip being mostly fiction due to the mythical beasts he claimed he saw on the trip, though maybe an opium pipe could have had something to do with that. Lol.
你好，我来自伊斯坦布尔，丝绸之路的主要驿站之一。视频很棒，讲解也很简练！
我见过爱琴海地区的丝绸生产，考虑到它制作过程的复杂，我想知道是否是僧侣们带走了一些丝绸制造商和蚕。
不确定桑树当时是否已经在土耳其，也许他们也带来了一些树枝。至于马可波罗，有争议的是，由于他声称在旅途中看到了神话中的野兽，他的旅行可能主要是虚
很赞哦！ ()
