联合国难民署表示，英国遣送难民前往卢旺达的计划违反了国际法

UK Rwanda asylum plan against international law, says UN refugee agency
-Plans to send some asylum seekers from the UK to Rwanda are a breach of international law, the UN's refugee agency has said.

联合国难民署表示，英国遣送难民前往卢旺达的计划违反了国际法
——联合国难民署表示，将一些英国难民送往卢旺达的计划违反了国际法。


新闻：
The UNHCR said attempting to "shift responsibility" for claims of refugee status was "unacceptable".

联合国难民事务高级专员公署表示，试图对难民身份申请“推卸责任”是“不可接受的”。

Boris Johnson has said he believes the scheme complies with international law.

但鲍里斯·约翰逊表示，他相信该计划符合国际法。

Meanwhile, it has emerged that Priti Patel issued a "ministerial direction" to launch the policy amid concerns from Home Office civil servants.

与此同时，普里蒂·帕特尔在内政部公务员的担忧中发布了一项“大臣级指示”，以启动这项政策。

Civil servants could not precisely quantify the benefits of the policy and uncertainty about the costs meant the home secretary had to take personal responsibility for it by issuing the direction.

公务员们无法准确地量化政策带来的好处，而成本的不确定性意味着内政大臣必须通过发布指示来承担个人责任。

A source close to Ms Patel said that "deterring illegal entry would create significant savings" and the fact that the savings could not be quantified precisely should not prevent action from being taken.

一位接近帕特尔的消息人士表示，“阻止非法入境将节省大量资金”，而节省资金无法精确量化不应妨碍采取这一行动。

Ministerial directions have been used 46 times since the 2010 election, with two in the Home Office since 1990, according to the Institute for Government think tank.

据智库政府研究所的数据，自2010年大选以来，大臣级指示被使用了46次，1990年以来内政部使用了两次。

The only other time the formal order was used by the Home Office was in 2019 by the former home secretary Sajid Javid, to bring in the Windrush Compensation Scheme before legislation was in place.

内政部仅有的另外一次使用这一正式命令是在2019年——前内政大臣萨吉德·贾维德在立法到位之前引入“风力补偿计划”。

Under the £120m scheme, people deemed to have entered the UK unlawfully since 1 January could be flown to Rwanda, where they will be allowed to apply for the right to settle in the east African country.

根据这项耗资1.2亿英镑的计划，自1月1日以来被视为非法进入英国的人可以被转飞卢旺达，在那里他们将被允许申请在这个东非国家定居的权利。

The government said the first flights could begin within weeks, initially focusing on single men who crossed the Channel in small boats or lorries.

政府表示，首批遣送航班将在几周内开始启动，最初的遣送目标是那些乘坐小船或卡车横渡英吉利海峡的单身男性难民。

More than 160 charities and campaign groups have urged the government to scrap the plan, while opposition parties and some Conservatives have also criticised the policy.

超过160家慈善机构和竞选团体敦促政府放弃这项计划，而反对党和一些保守党也批评了这项政策。

Gillian Triggs, an assistant secretary-general at the UNHCR, told BBC Radio 4's the World At One programme the agency strongly condemned "outsourcing" the responsibility of considering refugee status to another country.

联合国难民署助理秘书长吉莉安·特里格斯告诉BBC广播4台的《同一世界》节目，难民署强烈谴责将考虑难民地位的责任“外包”给另一个国家。

A former president of the Australian Human Rights Commission, she said such policies - as used in Australia - could be effective as a deterrent but there were "much more legally effective ways of achieving the same outcome".

她曾担任澳大利亚人权委员会主席，她表示，这种类似澳大利亚所采用的政策，可能会有效地起到威慑作用，但“要达到同样的效果，还有比这有效得多的合法途径”。

Australia has used offshore detention centres since 2001, with thousands of asylum seekers being transferred out of the country since then.

自2001年以来，澳大利亚一直使用离岸拘留中心，自那时以来，数千名寻求庇护者被转移到了国外。

It has been frequently criticised by the UN and rights groups over substandard conditions at its centres and its own projections show it will spend $811.8m (£460m) on offshore processing in 2021-22.

英国经常因拘留中心条件不符合标准而受到联合国和人权组织的批评，英国自己的预测显示，2021- 2022年，英国将花费8.118亿美元（4.6亿英镑）用于离岸措施。

Ms Triggs pointed out Israel had attempted to send Eritrean and Sudanese refugees to Rwanda, but they "simply left the country and started the process all over again".

特里格斯指出，以色列曾试图将厄立特里亚和苏丹难民送往卢旺达，但他们“只是离开了这个国家，然后又重新开始了这一（申请——遣返——再申请）循环过程”。

"In other words, it is not actually a long-term deterrent," she said.

“换句话说，这实际上不是一种长期的威慑，”她说。

Shadow justice minister Ellie Reeves called the policy "unworkable" and said if Labour was in charge, it would make it illegal to advertise people smuggling on social media and work more closely with France and others to tackle trafficking gangs.

影子司法部长埃莉·里夫斯称该政策“行不通”，并表示，如果工党执政，在社交媒体上为偷渡人群做广告将是非法的，并将与法国和其他国家更密切地合作，打击偷渡团伙。

No-one we initially spoke to yesterday seemed to know about the Rwanda announcement - but it wasn't long before word spread.

昨天我们最初采访的人似乎都不知道关于卢旺达的声明——但消息很快就传开了。

Soon a group of men was asking us lots of questions: "When will this happen? Why? If I come from Afghanistan will it still apply to me?"

很快，一群男人问了我们很多问题：“什么时候开始执行？为什么会这样？如果我来自阿富汗，这个政策还适用于我吗？”

Shafi, who told me he had fled Afghanistan, said: "[Rwanda] is a lot worse place than Afghanistan, there is no future for us in Rwanda."

沙菲告诉我他已经逃离阿富汗，他说：“（卢旺达）比阿富汗糟糕得多，我们在卢旺达没有未来。”

But I didn't meet anyone who said the government's plans would prevent them from trying to cross the Channel, including Shafi, who said he had no choice.

但我没有遇到任何人说政府的计划会阻止他们试图穿越英吉利海峡，包括沙菲——他说他别无选择。

Many of these men have already faced huge risks to get this far and are willing to risk their lives crossing the Channel on a small boat.

这些人中的许多人为了走到这一步已经面临了巨大的风险——他们愿意冒着生命危险乘坐小船横渡英吉利海峡。

The risk of being sent to Rwanda, at this stage, seemed like just another thing to factor in down the line.

在这个阶段，被遣送卢旺达的风险似乎只是另一件未来需要考虑的事情。

A number of lawyers have warned the plan will face legal obstacles, such as the international human rights principle of "non-refoulement" - which guarantees no one can be returned to a country where they would face irreparable harm.

一些律师警告说，该计划将面临法律障碍，比如国际人权原则“不驱回”——该原则保证没有人可以被送回一个他们将面临无法弥补的伤害的国家。

Last year, the UK government raised concerns at the UN about allegations of "extrajudicial killings, deaths in custody, enforced disappearances and torture" in Rwanda, as well as restrictions to civil and political rights.

去年，英国政府自己向联合国提出了对卢旺达“法外处决、羁押期间死亡、强迫失踪和酷刑”的指控，以及对公民和政治权利的限制的关切。

But justice and migration minister Tom Pursglove said Rwanda was a progressive country that wanted to provide sanctuary and had made "huge strides forward" in the past three decades.

但司法和移民大臣汤姆·帕斯格拉夫表示，卢旺达是一个希望堆难民提供庇护的进步的国家，在过去30年里取得了“巨大的进步”。

And a Home Office spokesperson added: "Rwanda will process claims in accordance with the UN Refugee Convention, national and international human rights laws, and will ensure their protection from inhuman and degrading treatment or being returned to the place they originally fled. There is nothing in the UN Refugee Convention which prevents removal to a safe country."

一名内政部发言人补充说：“卢旺达将根据联合国难民公约、国家和国际人权法处理难民申请，并将确保他们免受不人道和有辱人格的待遇，或被送回他们最初逃离的地方。联合国难民公约中并没有任何条款阻止难民被转移到安全国家。”

Ms Patel said the British public had been "crying out for change for years" and it was "incredibly unfair to the British public to see organisations in their own country effectively just putting blockages after blockages in the way".

帕特尔表示，英国公众“多年来一直在呼吁变革，看到自己国家的组织实际上只是一个接一个地设置阻挠，这对英国公众来说是非常不公平的”。

The announcement came as part of a broader strategy to reduce the number of people entering the UK by crossing the Channel in small boats.

这一声明是一项更广泛战略的一部分，该战略旨在减少乘坐小船穿越英吉利海峡进入英国的人数。

The Royal Navy has taken operational command of the Channel from UK Border Force in an effort to detect every boat headed to the UK.

英国皇家海军已经从英国边境部队手中接管了英吉利海峡的行动指挥权，以努力探测每一艘开往英国的船只。

Some 562 people on 14 boats made the journey on the day the new scheme was announced, according to the Ministry of Defence. No-one making the crossing was believed to have arrived on UK soil "on their own terms", it added.

据英国国防部称，在宣布新计划的当天，大约有14艘船的562人乘船前往英国。据信，没有人是“以自己的条件”到达英国领土的。

Last year, 28,526 people made the crossing, up from 8,404 in 2020.

去年，有28526人横渡了海峡，比2020年的8404人有所增加。

noamno1
Why is that a violation of International law ?
The UK did follow its obligations under the International law , it paid the Rwandans to provide asylum for those refugees , it didnt just abandon them .
It feels like the term "international law" is just an umbrella term for everything some people in the UN dont like .

哪里违反了国际法？
英国确实遵守了国际法规定的义务，它付钱给卢旺达人，让他们为这些难民提供庇护，而不是抛弃他们。
感觉“国际法”这个词只是一个涵盖联合国某些人不喜欢的一切事物的总称。

Bango-TSWUnited Kingdom
What the UN ignores is that these migrants were in France which is a perfectly safe country. That they chose to not claim asylum in a modern democratic EU nation and instead give money to criminal gangs to cross the channel and enter the UK, then at that point those rights should be removed.
I still remain very disappointed that there isn't more of an effort by the charities representing these migrants to stop them using the criminal gangs and instead claim asylum where they are. At least then they would be safe and have access to housing & food.

联合国忽视的一点是，这些移民来自法国，法国是一个非常安全的国家。他们选择不在一个现代民主的欧盟国家寻求庇护，而是给（偷渡）犯罪团伙提供资金，让他们带自己越过英吉利海峡进入英国，那么就这一点而言，这些（难民）权利就应该被取消。
我仍然感到非常失望，代表这些移民的慈善机构没有采取更多行动，阻止他们利用犯罪团伙，而是在他们所在的地方（法国）寻求庇护。至少他们会安全，有住房和食物。

halobolola
If the person travels through multiple safe countries to reach the U.K., they are no longer a refugee, and the UN refugee agency shouldn’t have any say over what happens

如果这个人经过多个安全国家到达英国，那他们就不再是难民了，联合国难民机构就不应该对发生的事情有任何发言权

rlyjustanyname
Pretty much. I felt differently about it in 2015, because I think a dedicated EU effort to distribute them properly would have aleviated the crisis, but that's up to the EU and not the UN and in this case Britain isn't even in the EU.
Lately the UN has earned itself the right to shut up. It's such a useless organisation sometimes.

对头。我在2015年的时候就曾对此有不同的看法，因为我认为，如果欧盟致力于合理分配这些资源，就可以缓解危机，但这取决于欧盟，而不是联合国，在这种情况下，英国甚至不在欧盟。
最近，联合国为自己赢得了闭嘴的权利。有时这是一个无用的组织。

untergeher_mucBavaria
I see all the problems the refugees are causing in Sweden, France and the UK. Have we here in Germany only got the boring refugees?

我看到了难民在瑞典、法国和英国造成的所有问题。难道只有我们德国肯接受那些讨厌的难民吗？

198ThrowawayyUnited States of America
Germany basically brain drained half of the Syrian doctors from Damascus. But more importantly Germany took in a lot of families as opposed to just single men. There is an issue in that basically most refugees in Eastern Europe would move to Germany first chance they get. Syrian refugees in Poland who got in through a program meant for Christian refugees left for Germany after a year.

德国基本上把一半的叙利亚医生从大马士革挖走了。但更重要的是，德国接纳了很多家庭，而不仅仅是单身男性。有一个问题是，东欧的大多数难民一有机会就会搬到德国。通过基督教难民项目进入波兰的叙利亚难民一年后就会前往德国。

LightArisenUnited Kingdom
Surely this plan benefits all. Rwanda gets an economic boost from the UK. The UK saves money on housing refugees, the refugees get a safe place to live, and Rwanda will be culturally enhanced and economically benefitted from all the refugees that will establish business's there.

显然，这个计划对大家都有好处。卢旺达的经济从英国得到了提振。英国在安置难民上节省了资金，难民也得到了一个安全的地方居住，而卢旺达将从所有在那里开创事业的难民那里获得文化和经济上的好处。

LadyLikeWings
We're actually spending more money taking them to Rwanda. The cost is estimated to be £30000 per person and the last year 48500 made an asylum application. That £1.94 billion. Its estimated we pay £5 million per day at the moment to put refugees in hotels which come to £1.82 billion so its going to cost more.

我们实际上把他们送到卢旺达花了更多的钱。据估计，每人的费用为3万英镑，去年有48500人申请庇护。19.4亿英镑。据估计，我们目前每天支付500万英镑把难民安置在酒店里，这将达到18.2亿英镑，所以前者成本会更高。

CaylesebUnited Kingdom
This logic assumes that the people coming over on crowded rafts and the back of lorries from the European unx are actual refugees. What are these men fleeing from in France and Belgium exactly? Is there a war there? Perhaps an oppressive dictatorship? If they have some other motivation for coming to the UK, they should immigrate by legal means, if they qualify. Not hiring human traffickers to smuggle them across the border.
If this whole Rwanda thing actually happens though, I'd be surprised because it is controversial and it would have to get past parliament and the courts. I'll believe it when I see it.

这种遣送做法的逻辑假设，从欧盟乘坐拥挤的舢板和卡车过来的人是真正的难民。这些人到底在法国和比利时逃离什么？那里是打仗了吗？还是说专制统治？如果他们有其他来英国的动机，他们就应该通过合法途径移民，如果他们符合移民条件的话。而不是雇佣蛇头把他们偷运过边境。
如果遣送卢旺达的事情真的发生了，我会感到惊讶，因为这是有争议的，并且它必须得到议会和法院的批准。我亲眼所见才会相信。

StyleAdmirable1677
The UK should simply ferry them back to France. Sooner or later the French would act from self-interest and do something to end this scam.
Simply announce that no so-called "refugee" arriving from a "safe country" will be assessed for asylum or allowed entry and withdraw from any international agreements that try to prevent that and the racket ends in days..

英国应该直接把他们送回法国。法国人迟早会出于自身利益采取行动，结束这个骗局。
只要宣布没有任何来自“安全国家”的所谓“难民”将被评估为获取庇护或允许入境，并退出任何试图阻止这种情况发生的国际协议，那么这一喧嚣就会在几天内平息。

ZephinismHampshire County - United Kingdom
tbh it might be beneficial to France to help us. If they encourage these people to cross the channel and get immediately reported to British authorities to avoid drownings, we can start sending them to Rwanda. France could pay us a bit towards the fee Rwanda requests, and all these asylum seekers will leave a happy and peaceful life in south east Africa instead of in camps across Northern France.
Everybody wins

老实说，帮助我们可能对法国有好处。如果他们鼓励这些人横渡英吉利海峡，并立即向英国当局报告以避免溺水，我们可以开始将他们送往卢旺达。法国可以向我们支付卢旺达所要求的费用，所有这些寻求庇护者将会在非洲东南部快乐和平地生活，而不是在法国北部的难民营。
大家都是赢家

Margifly
How on earth can your country survive when it’s lead by liars and thieves

当你的国家被骗子和小偷领导时，你的国家怎么能生存下去呢

Remote_Jicama793
That has been the cornerstone of government and country. How do you think people have been ruled for thousands of years?
Kings, queens, the church, colonialism its all there, they have been lying and stealing the whole time, webs of lies to allow exploitation and extraction to run rampant for economic growth.
You would be hard pressed to find a moment in time where people weren't divided by those that ruled and use people.
The biggest rub though is for all the stories with good usually prevails over evil. It isn't true. The selfish, greedy and wealthy have most of the power and frequently make decisions that affect the lives of the many. There is so much moral corruption going on it's sickening.

这就是政府和国家的基石。你认为人们是如何被统治数千年的？
国王，女王，教堂，殖民主义，都在那里，他们一直在撒谎和偷窃，谎言的网络允许猖獗的剥削和攫取以实现经济增长。
你很难找到一个人们不会被那些统治和利用人们的人所分裂的历史时刻。
然而，最大的问题是，所有的故事都是善良战胜邪恶的。事实并非如此。自私、贪婪和富有的人拥有大部分权力，经常做出影响许多人生活的决定。道德腐败如此之多，令人作呕。

millionreddit617
I really don’t see the issue with it.
Those who have a genuine claim for asylum can do so, and await the result in the safety of Rwanda.
Those who don’t won’t bother because they’d probably rather stay in France than risk being put on a plane to Africa.
UK > France > Rwanda > Warzone
Seems logical and… less drownings in the channel, less money for organised crime groups doing the trafficking.

我真的不觉得这种做法有什么问题。
那些真正要求庇护的人可以这样做，并等待卢旺达安全的结果。
而那些不愿意这样做的人不会为此烦恼，因为他们可能宁愿留在法国，也不愿冒险被送上飞往非洲的飞机。
英国 > 法国 > 卢旺达 > 战区
看起来很合理，而且淹死在海峡里的人少了，有组织犯罪集团偷渡的钱也少了。

Iwanttosleep8hours
I can help you find an issue with it. One problem is, this doesn’t apply to people travelling with children. So more incentive for traffickers to transport children across the channel and more incentive for asylum seekers to kidnap kids and pose them as their own.
Another issue, many migrants will simply go under the radar, making them at risk of slavery, abuse, and being trafficked.

我可以帮你找到问题所在。一个问题是，这个政策不适用于带孩子偷渡的人。所以就会有更多的动机让人贩子跨越海峡运送儿童，也会有更多的动机让寻求庇护者绑架儿童，并把他们当作自己的孩子。
另一个问题是，许多移民会不被注意到，这使他们面临被奴役、虐待和被贩卖的风险。

FEGHernanFAN
How many safe countries have they passed through to try and make an illegal crossing into the UK? How is settling them in a safe country a violation of international law?

他们通过了多少安全的国家试图非法越境进入英国？把他们安置在一个安全的国家怎么会违反国际法呢？

tskirUnited Kingdom
I'm actually legitimately wondering as to why they didn't just claim asylum in France. Is there anything at all they would be offered in the UK that they couldn't find in France? I struggle to think of something which could make the UK so much more appealing for them. (And I'm saying this as someone living in the UK lol)

我很想知道为什么他们不去法国申请庇护。有没有什么东西是他们在英国能找到而在法国找不到的？我很难想出什么能让英国对他们更有吸引力。（我是作为一个生活在英国的人发言的，呵呵）

Disillusioned_Brit
Benefits monies + large Islamic community + relatively tolerant society + English language
Similar reasons why they'd rather claim asylum in Sweden over Slovakia. UK works great for anyone who isn't a native middle class Brit.

福利资金 + 大型伊斯兰社区 + 相对宽容的社会 + 英语
类似的原因，为什么他们宁愿在瑞典而不是斯洛伐克寻求庇护。英国适合任何不是英国本土中产阶级的人。

Shamalamadindong
Many people here will make claims about crazy amounts of money the UK government will supposedly give immigrants.
The simple reality is that they have family or other acquaintances in the UK or it's the only foreign language they speak.
Note that immigrants from French speaking countries mostly end up in France.

这里的许多人会声称，英国政府应该会给移民提供疯狂的资金。
简单的事实是，他们在英国有家人或其他熟人，或者他们只会说英语这一门外语。
需要注意的是，来自法语国家的移民大多最后都去了法国。

Major_Discipline_835Italy
Just a reminder that "international law" is a misleading expression, since a "law", as it's commonly understood, implies a sovereign enforcing authority, and no such supernational authority exists. Sovereignty belongs to the states, not the UN.

只是提醒一下，“国际法”是一种误导性的表述，因为“法律”通常被理解为意味着一个主权执行机构，而这种跨国机构并不存在。因为主权属于国家，而不是联合国。

OkkuratFinland
The refugee laws were written right after WW2. They thought of a scenario like in WW2 with Jews and that is why the laws first applied to Europeans only but later on it got expanded.
There is no reason why this 70 year old law should still apply in modern world. Its useless. It was written in extremely different world that we have today.

难民法是在二战后制定的。他们想到了二战犹太人的情况，这就是为什么法律最初只适用于欧洲人，但后来范围扩大了。
这项有70年历史的法律没有理由仍然适用于现代世界。它没用。它是在与我们今天所处的完全不同的世界里写成的。

forntonioScania
But the UK has signed into these human rights charters. Breaking more of these promises would further hurt the trustworthiness of the UK in international relations.

但英国已经签署了这些人权宪章。如果英国继续违背这些承诺，将进一步损害英国在国际关系中的可信度。

ResidentCoconutUnited Kingdom
They haven't broken any agreement. The convention of refugees is being taken advantage of by economic migrants choosing their favourite destinations in Europe. It's not being used for its original intention which was to prevent countries from blocking a refugee from crossing from a hostile country into their country. That would mean Poland or Moldova stopping Ukrainians from entering as refugees, the same doesn't apply to people trying to cross the channel into the UK that's why the UK is allowed to protect their border in that case.

他们没有违反任何协议。经济移民正在利用难民公约选择他们最喜欢的欧洲目的地。它的初衷是防止一些国家阻止难民从敌对国家进入自己的国家。这意味着波兰或摩尔多瓦将阻止乌克兰难民入境，但这一规定不适用于试图越过英吉利海峡进入英国的人，这就是为什么在这种情况下英国被允许保护他们的边境。

GigaGammon
The US has immigrant processing centres in Mexico, Australia in Papua New Guinea.
I think we will be fine going this route, and the nay-sayers can go fuck themselves rather than expecting us to pick up the tab for random chancers from africa and the middle east.

美国在墨西哥、澳大利亚和巴布亚新几内亚都有移民处理中心。
我觉得如果我们也走这条路应该没问题，那些反对的人可以去死，而不是指望我们为非洲和中东的随机投机者买单。

Crna1993
The U.N. doesn’t solve problems, just tells people how they’re doing something wrong. Worthless organization

联合国不解决问题，只是告诉人们他们做错了什么。毫无价值的组织

bajou98Austria
Let's be real, you would dislike the UN even more if it actually had the power to solve those problems. The UN is only "worthless" because the countries want it to be.

说实话，如果联合国真的有能力解决这些问题，你会更不喜欢它。联合国之所以“毫无价值”，只是因为各国希望它这样。

joca_the_secondPortugal
The UK could always lead by example and give up some national sovereignty to allow the UN to actually solve the problems instead of just telling people how they're doing something wrong.

英国可以以身作则，放弃一些国家主权，让联合国真正解决问题，而不是只是在告诉人们他们做错了什么。

mendosan
The only think that works is turning the boats back to France. Everything else is a sticking plaster. That solves smuggling by boat.

唯一可行的办法就是把那些船赶回法国。其他的措施都是治标不治本。这解决了乘船偷渡的问题。

Fargrad
Don't send them to Rwanda, send them to the last safe country they left before going to the UK.

不要把他们送到卢旺达，应该把他们送到他们去英国之前离开的最后一个安全的国家。

Disillusioned_Brit
That's more complicated since France doesn't want them back either. With this approach, it's basically saying either stay in France and try your luck there ahead of time or if you get caught here, you know what you can expect now.

这就更复杂了，因为法国也不希望他们回来。你这么做，基本上是说要么留在法国，提前在那里碰碰运气，要么如果你在这里被抓了，你现在就知道等着你的是什么了。

pimpmychaiselounge
After Brexit, I really didn’t think I could be any more ashamed of my country.

在英国脱欧之后，我真的觉得我不能再为我的国家感到羞耻了。