口述历史：苏联轶事五则

Does anyone have interesting stories fromCCCP era? From themselves, their parents, grandparents, etc.

各位有没有苏联时期的有趣故事可供分享？本人的，父母的，祖父母辈的等等都可以。
I don't know much about my American familyunfortunately. I know I'm related to President Taft. And my Grandpa served inthe Pacific theater of World War 2. And his dad served during World War 1.

不幸的是我对我的美国家族了解不多。我知道我和塔夫脱（美国第二十七任总统）有亲缘关系。而且我爷爷在二战中的太平洋战场服役。而且他的爸爸打过一战。

1、What do you meanwith "interesting"?

你说的“有趣”是指什么？
My great-grandfather went through two wars- the civil one and the Great Patriotic War (the part of the WWII in whichSoviets were against Nazis). At the first there was a moment, when he had topretend to be dead, and was carried by some guys cleaning up the battle field(the field near a village) from the corpses to an abandoned church with otherdeads ... and then had to get out of that, making a "stairs" from thecorpses to get to a window located quite high in that church building, which'sonly massive door was locked up with a heavy chain-lock.

我的曾祖父经历过两场战争：苏俄内战以及伟大的卫国战争（二战中苏联抗击纳粹的一部分）。在第一场战争中，他一度不得不装成死尸，然后被一些清理战场（位于一个村子附近）的家伙从死人堆里扛走，然后送到一座废弃的教堂和其他死尸堆放在一起…然后他又不得不逃出去，就在死尸中取材做了一架“楼梯”，通向教堂建筑相当高处的一扇窗，而教堂唯一的大门被一条沉重的链锁锁上了。
He, being around 40+ (45-48 or so), alsotook part in the WWll, his squad was surrounded and was captured, so during thecaptivity that lasted several months he saw a lot of terrifying stuff, but onestory is the most important there:

他在四十多岁（45到48岁左右）的时候，也参加了二战，他那个班被包围然后被俘了，所以在被抓住的那若干个月之间，他目睹了很多可怕的事，但那里发生过的一个故事是最为重要的：
Germans lined them up and called out:"Are there hairdressers? One step forward", some guys did, and theGerman officer ordered: "Shoot these Jews, hairdresser is a Jewishprofession" and they were shot right in that very place where theystepped. Then: "Any auto-mechanics?", my granddad was that, so he wassent to repair the German tanks, in a workshop close to the front line. There,every night the workshop was visited by a German officer, checking it in personwhether the repairing is going fine and what is generally up there, so mygranddad planed an attack on him, and one day carried it out, hit him with aniron bar, put in the car in which this officer came without being accompaniedby anyone, and so he in this car, with a captured quite high German rank (whatrank exactly I don't remember) rushed eastward, did break through some Germandefensive barriers, that by a lucky coincidence failed to hit the car shootingat it, and so in less than an hour he was back at the Soviet's side... at thattime there was a law, forcing anyone who was at the enemy's side [under any conditionsand circumstances] to be either executed or at the very best sent in the rearand imprisoned, whatever was the cause of being "in the enemy'sterritory" [the law "encouraging" people to never surrender]...my granddad didn't know about it for some reason, and was quite surprised whenhis people - some officials there, questioned him... again, by a luckycoincidence he was not only discharged from any accusations, but later on wasawarded for the stuff he did; probably, the captured german boss played a bigrole, and the car... I still have the photos of that car, he kept it, servingas a driver in the field command center, and somewhere else after the war...probably that was one of (if not the) first Mercedes Benz in Russia :)

德国人要他们列队，然后大声嚷着：“有没有理发师？向前一步”，有几个家伙照做了，然后就有个德国军官下命令道：“枪毙这些犹太人，理发师是犹太人的职业”，然后他们就在自己出列的那个位置上被射杀了。然后又问，“有汽车修理工吗？”，我曾祖父正是干这个的，于是就被派到一个靠近前线的车间里修理德国坦克。在那里的每天晚上，都会有一个德国军官来前来视察，亲自检查维修工作是否进展顺利，以及那里的大体情况，于是我曾祖父策划了一次对他的攻击，有一天就付诸了实施，用铁条打了他，放进这位军官孤身前来的时候开的车，于是他就坐进了这辆车，和这个被抓获的军衔相当高（具体什么军衔我不记得了）的德国人一起向东飞驶，突破了一些德国人的防线，幸运的巧合是，那些射向车的子弹都没有击中这辆车，于是不到一个小时，他就逃回了苏联这一边…那时有一部法律，即强制处死任何来自敌方那边的人（任何情况下都如此），最好的情况也要送到后方关押起来，无论你置身“敌占区”的原因是什么（这部法律的用意是“鼓励”人们誓死不降）…因为种种原因，我的曾祖父并不知道有这种法律，当自己人，也就是那里的一些军官盘问他的时候，他还相当惊讶…这时再一次出现了幸运的巧合，他不仅没有遭受任何指控被释放了，而且不久以后还因为他做下的事情得到了嘉奖；很可能被抓获的德国人在其中起到了很大作用，还有那辆车…我还保存着那辆车的照片呢，他一直留着，并干起了司机的活儿，当时是在野战指挥中心开车，战后是在别处…很可能那是俄罗斯土地上的第一批（如果不是第一辆的话）梅赛德斯奔驰之一。
2、Mom had a verydense and arrogant boss in one of her jobs, and told me a couple of storiesabout him being a prick. One woman got pregnant and wanted to take maternityleave, but he said to her that he wasn't going to let her do it. So mom andthis woman went to some higher boss and mom told him/her: "Did you hear?PrickBossName% wants to forbid women to give birth". Everyone found thispretty funny and rightfully ridiculous, so the Prick Boss had to give theworker that damn maternity leave. The Prick Boss always had a strange personaldisliking of my mom, and that got only worse after that incident. Eventually hegot a paranoid idea that mom went to the workplace at night to steal drawingsfor some reason (she was an engineer) and, as it naturally was locked at night,he thought she was getting through fortochka to do that. He thought it was agood idea to accuse her of doing this before all her co-workers. She tried toargue with him politely, but, as he refused to see what an idiotic idea he had,she finally said: "Look, you're an engineer. Look at the size of thefortochka and then compare it to the size of my ass. Now, do you think it wouldbe physically possible for me to do this?" The co-workers tried to keepcalm up to this moment, but then couldn't contain themselves and began tolaugh. After that the boss kept hating my mom, but stopped being such anobvious idiot towards her and thankfully couldn't come up with some anotherdastardly plan.

我母亲在她其中的一份工作中，碰到过一个非常愚钝还很嚣张的领导，她给我讲过关于他犯浑的一些故事。有个女人怀孕了想要休产假，但他却知会她他不会放她走的。于是我母亲和这个女人去找了层级更高的领导，我妈跟他/她说：“你听说了吗？某某浑球领导想禁止女人生孩子”。所有人都觉得这事太滑稽了，而且荒唐透顶，所以这位浑球领导不得不把那天杀的产假给了这个工人。这浑球领导一直因为个人原因看我母亲不顺眼，在出了那档子事儿以后就更变本加厉了。最后，他如妄想症一般认定我母亲在晚上去车间是要窃取图纸（她是个工程师），由于是晚上车间自然都会上锁，他觉得她是从通风窗钻进去做案的。他以为，当着所有同事的面指控她偷窃是个不错的主意。她试着和他礼貌地争辩，但由于他拒绝正视他脑子里的白痴想法，最后她说：“你看，你也是工程师。去瞧瞧那张图纸的大小，再和我屁股的大小比较下，你还会觉得我去干这件事情在物理学上是可行的？”这时，那些尽力保持肃静的同事再也忍不住了，开始大笑了起来。从那以后，这位领导一直都憎恨我母亲，但再也没有用白痴兮兮的方式去针对她了，谢天谢地，也没有再想出别的什么卑劣的计划。
As for WWII stories, I have nothing specialreally. Paternal grandfather was a soldier and died in first years of the war,maternal great-grandmother with three children were made "Easternworkers" and taken to work in a German factory; she had to steal food fromGermans in order to not starve and thankfully didn't get punished for it. OneNazi guard, a Baltic woman who had a tendency to call slaves at her command"parasites", knew about it. There was one time the great-grandmotherbegan to cook food at night and then this woman ran to their barrack, veryangry, and began to call them her favourite word, but didn't tell authorities.The great-grandmother family was liberated by Americans; they asked the slaveswhether the Baltic woman abused them and one guy said "yes" and thenthe soldiers dragged her to somewhere and the great-grandmother didn't knowwhat happened to her, but from the way mom told me that I gathered she found itwrong to tell Americans she was somehow especially cruel or something.

至于二战故事，我真没有什么特别的故事可讲。曾祖父（父亲那支）曾是个军人，死在了战争的的第一年，曾祖母（母亲那支）带着她的三个孩子被迫成为了“东方来的工人”，被押送去一间德国工厂里工作；为了不至于挨饿，她不得不从德国人那里偷吃的，幸好没有因此而受到惩罚。有一个纳粹守卫，是波罗的海女人，往往会把她掌管之下的奴隶称作“寄生虫”，她知道这件事。有段时间，曾祖母开始在晚上做饭，然后这个女人怒气冲冲地跑到她们的营房去，然后开始用她最喜欢的字眼称呼她们，但并没有向当局告发。曾祖母一家是被美国人解放的，他们询问这些奴隶，那个波罗的海女人有没有虐待她们，有个人说“是”，然后这些士兵就把她拖走了，曾祖母也不清楚后来她发生了什么，但从我妈告诉我的口气看，我估计在她眼中，向美国人告发说她特别残忍什么的是不对的。
3、Russian Side:

俄国人这边：


Before the Nazis invaded, my Russian familywas planning on moving to Lwow, so they sold their house and cow in Chelyabinskbut as they were about to leave, the war started. They managed to buy backtheir house but not the cow.

在纳粹入侵之前，我的俄罗斯家族正计划着搬去罗乌，所以他们卖掉了自己在车里雅宾斯克的房子和奶牛，但就在他们准备离去时，战争打响了。他们好不容易又把房子买了回来，奶牛是买不回来了。
（译注：罗乌(Lwow)一战后归属波兰，1939年并入苏联下的乌克兰，今为乌克兰西部城市利沃夫）
My Great Grandfather and 3 of his sons wentto fight but they did not back it back.
My Great Grandmother and the remaining 2boys were close to starvation without the cow yet survived.

我的曾祖父和他儿子中的三个参战了，但他们没能回来。
我的曾祖母和剩下的两个儿子由于没有奶牛，挣扎在饿死的边缘，但还是幸存下来了。
After the war they moved to Lwow, and Ihear conflicting reports from my family: one of the boys died from a swimmingaccident or he was killed and drowned by a gang of Ukrainian Nationalists.

战后，他们搬到了罗乌，我从我家里听到的说法是互相冲突的：其中一个儿子不是死于一场游泳事故，就是被乌克兰民族主义帮派杀死然后沉在河里了。
Grandfather met my grandmother in Lwow andgot married there. He was a professional chess instructor and grandmaster. Hewasn't qualified to teach the Soviet chess team so he went to work in Africawith grandma (Soviet unx provided humanitarian aid to Africa) in Republic ofMali. He taught the chess team there for 2 years before they managed to beatthe Soviets.

我的祖父在罗乌邂逅了我的祖母，然后在那里结婚了。他是一个职业国际象棋教练，也是国际象棋大师。他还不够格给苏联国际象棋队当教练，所以他带着祖母去非洲的马里共和国工作了（当时苏联向非洲提供人道主义援助）。他在那里教国际象棋队，教了两年后，他那些弟子们勉强能打败苏联人了。
Polish Side:

波兰人这边：
Grandma survived under German occupation inKrasilov. When the Germans entered her town, they killed all the men there. Hermother was almost beat to death for the suspicion that she was hiding a Jew(which she was but they never found proof). Grandma learned to cook and make afire at the age of 6 to survive. A German officer stationed there brought hisdaughter, he gave her gifts that were stolen from the local populace.

我的祖母在德国人对克拉西洛夫的占领下生存了下来。那些德国人开进她小镇的时候，杀死了那里所有的男人。她的母亲因为涉嫌窝藏犹太人（她确实窝藏了，但他们一直找不到证据）几乎被殴打致死。祖母为了活下去，在6岁时就学着做饭和生火。一个驻扎在那里的德国军官把他的女儿带来了，他送给她的礼物是从当地人那里偷来的。
When the germans retreated in 1943, they burntwhat could be burnt and stole any clothing and food that could be stolen. TheSoviets came and immediately started rebuilding.

1943年，就在德国人撤退时，他们烧光了所有可以烧的东西，偷光了所有可以拿走的衣服和食物。苏联人来了，然后立刻就开始重建。
Great Grandfather volunteered as soon asthe war started, he was a school principle before the war. During the war hewas a logistics officer. In 1943 he got his eye blown off by a bullet, hesurvived and was released from the army that year to help teach in theliberated Soviet territory. He taught at Kamenets-Podolsk where his familyre-united with him.

曾祖父在战争一开始就志愿参军了，他在战前是一位校长。战争期间，他是一名主管后勤的军官。他的眼睛在1943年被一颗子弹打飞了，他幸存了下来，于同年退伍，在被解放的苏联领土上帮着做些教学工作。他在卡盟涅茨-波多尔斯克地区教书，也是在那里他和家人重聚。
Probably most badass family member:

可能是家族里最豪狠的成员：
Polish Grandma's older cousin volunteeredto fight at the start of the war. He was a frontline soldier. Rumour has itthat he has 23 tally marks on his PPSH, 3 on his knife, and 1 on his shovel. Hesurvived the entire war, from the defence of Moscow at Tula, to Kursk,liberation of Ukraine, fighting in southern Poland and liberation ofCzechoslovakia where he was stationed until 1948.

波兰祖母的表哥战争一打响就志愿参军了。他是一个前线士兵。有谣传说，他的波波沙上有23道用来记数的划痕，刀上有3道，铲子上还有1道。他经历了整场战争然后活了下来，从图拉的莫斯科保卫战，到库尔斯克，解放乌克兰，波兰南部作战，最后是解放捷克斯洛伐克，他在那里驻扎直到1948年。
He helped contain the Chernobyl Disasterand guide people out of the area. Sadly he received lung cancer from that.

他还帮助控制切尔诺贝利核灾难，引导人们从那个地区疏散。让人难过的是，他因此罹患了肺癌。
Korean Side:

朝鲜人（即苏联少数民族高丽人）这边：
In the 1800's, the Russian Empire took inKorean refugees escaping from the instability caused by Japanese involvement inthe peninsula. They moved to Vladivostok, began to assimilate, and then weredeported to Kazakhstan due to a war against Japan in which some Koreans werespies helping Japan.

十九世纪时，沙俄帝国接收了朝鲜难民，他们从日本干涉朝鲜半岛带来的不安定局势中逃离了出来。他们迁徙到符拉迪沃斯托克，逐渐被同化，然后又因为一场对日本的战争被放逐到哈萨克斯坦，此战中朝鲜人充当了帮助日本的间谍。
They were given a lot of land in Kazakhstanand began to live there. Were loyal to the Soviet unx and although they didnot fight, they worked in farms and factories. They are now a vocal minority inKazakhstan, and are loyal to Kazakhstan, Korea and Russia. We now have one ofthe biggest families in Almaty (numbering in hundreds of family members).

他们在哈萨克斯坦分到了大片的土地，并开始在那里生活。他们效忠苏联，虽然他们没有参战，但他们在农场和工厂里工作。他们现在是哈萨克斯坦响当当的少数民族，忠于哈萨克斯坦、韩国和俄罗斯。我们现在拥有阿拉木图最大的家族之一（家族成员达数百人）。
（回复1）Damn thatfascinating, thanks for sharing.
我去啊这太吸引人了，感谢分享。
（回复2）Soviet Koreansalso played a big part in building North Korea, but most returned to the USSRwhen large political repressions began there in fifties-sixties. Truly a minoritywith a very fascinating history.
苏联的高丽人也在建设北朝鲜中发挥了重要作用，但在五六十年代因为政治环境因素大部分都回到了苏联。真是一个拥有相当迷人历史的少数民族。
4、Mygreat-grandfather was a pilot during the Great Patriotic War and took part inthe liberation of Ukraine and also bombed German targets in Budapest. When myother grandfather was in the army, as was the case for many other soldiers, hetook part in military drills in other parts of the world. One such drill wasjumping out of a plane and then swimming to a target that they had to findthemselves through navigation. Well, long story short they got lost and were lostin sea for 10 hours. Had it not been for their emergency flare that they hadhidden in their small 'raft', God knows what would have happened to them.Father's side I had a wealthy potato farmer for a Great Grandfather that hadeverything taken from him when the Communists came to power, luckily he managedto work his way back in life. My father took part in the inauguration of one ofthe first Western-owned Hotel's in Moscow. It's the one you see when taking thetrain from the Moscow airport to the city.

我的曾祖父在伟大的卫国战争中曾是一名飞行员，参加了解放乌克兰的战斗，也在布达佩斯轰炸过德军目标。当时我的另一个曾祖父身在军中，就和许多别的士兵的情况一样，他在世界的另一边参加了军事训练。这种训练中有一个项目是，从飞机中跳出，然后游向一个目标，他们必须通过导航自己找到方位。好吧，长话短说，总之他们迷路了，在海上困了十个小时。要不是他们早先在“筏子”里藏了应对紧急情况的信号弹，天晓得他们会出什么事。在我父亲这一支里，有个曾祖父是个挺有钱的土豆农，G党掌权的时候剥夺了他的一切，幸运的是，他靠着自己重建了自己的生活。我爸参加过莫斯科第一批由西方人开的宾馆的就职典礼。你搭火车从莫斯科机场驶向市区时能看到它。
5、Well, one of mygrandmas was literally born in a gulag. Her parents were repressed as theyowned land and refused to give it up after the revolution. They were releasedeventually though. She went through WW2 as a child, her father, my greatgrandpa never returned from the war. Something that kinda stuck in my mind isher telling me that during the war, bread was in such shortage as everythingwent to the front, that when it would be delivered on a rare occasion andhanded out in small portions to people, kids would suck on it like a lollyinstead of chewing, it tasted so good to them.

好吧，我其中的一个祖母就出生在GLG的一座劳改营里，我没有夸张。她父母因为他们拥有土地却在革命后拒绝上交而被镇压了。但最后他们被释放了。她还是个孩子的时候就经历了二战，她父亲，我的曾祖父再也没有从这场战争中回来。我有些难以释怀的事情，就是她告诉我说，在战争期间，面包是如此短缺（因为一切都送往前线了），发放的机会极少，而且会切成小块分发给人们，小孩子不会去咀嚼它，而是会像棒棒糖一样含在嘴里，对他们来说这东西太好吃了。
On a lighter note, another one of my greatgrandfathers was an aerospace engineer in WW2 and he was maintaining planes atan airfield close to Stalingrad when it was encircled by the Red Army. Anyway,one group of Germans broke through the encirclement trying to escape and theyaccidentally stumbled onto the airfield. Most soldiers at the airfield werepeople with little combat experience, engineers and pilots etc, but theygrabbed their guns and prepared for a fight. Luckily, the Germans thought thatthey stumbled onto a large combat unit and surrendered. Poor judgement on theirbehalf ensured that I got to meet my grandpa. When he told me that story, hewas kind of laughing, but I can only imagine what it felt like seeing a largegroup of Germans advance on your position, knowing full well that you are mostlikely going to die.

值得一提的是，我的另一个曾祖父在二战中是一个航空工程师，而且他在斯大林格勒被红军包围时，在靠近该城的一个飞机场里给飞机作保养维修工作。总之，有一群德国人突破了包围圈，试图突围逃跑，然后不小心误入了这个机场。机场里的大部分士兵都没有什么战斗经验，都是工程师、飞行员之类的人，但他们抓起枪，为大打一仗做好了准备。幸运的是，这些德国人以为他们误入了一支大部队（的防区）于是投降了。他们糟糕的判断力确保了我能见到我的祖父。他讲给我听这个故事的时候，差不多是笑着说的，但我只能想象那会是种什么感觉，一大群德国人向你所在的位置进军，你也非常清楚自己很有可能会死。
（回复1）Yes I've heardthat pregnant women were sometimes sent to the Gulags. Now I understand thattimes were tough all over the USSR and that there were famines in Ukraine, butalso in Russia, Kazakhstan, etc. But treatment of prisoners, gay people,dissidents, etc. was really harsh.
是的，我听说过怀着孕的女人有时会被送去GLG。现在我明白了，苏联各地的日子都不好过，而且在乌克兰还出现过饥荒，但俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦等地也出现过。囚犯、同性恋、Y见者等人受到的待遇真挺惨的。
（回复2）It was harsh Butwhat doesn't kill us makes us stronger, we have been through hell and back, sothe current situation is funnily enough still some of the best time for us.
确实很严酷，但没能杀死我们的，会让我们更强大，我们一直都在地狱里受苦，但每次都能逢凶化吉，所以，现如今的情势虽然还挺好笑的，但对我们来说，仍可以算作是最好的时代了。